Hormone replacement therapy, now often called menopause hormone therapy, uses the hormones estrogen and progesterone to treat symptoms associated with the hormonal changes of perimenopause and menopause.
The hormone testosterone, which women naturally produce and which decreases with aging, may also be prescribed to treat low libido.
Estrogen affects almost every system in the body and when levels fluctuate in perimenopause and drop in menopause it can cause widespread effects. Estrogen is the primary hormone prescribed to treat hot flashes and night sweats. It also treats brain fog, joint pains, sleep issues and mood symptoms.
Estrogen also prevents the bone loss that acceleratees around the time of menopause.
Additionally, if it is used durng the first 10 years of menopause or before age 60, it may help prevent heart disease.
Low-dose estrogen given vaginallly is used to treat vaginal dryness, painful intercourse and urinary symptoms, which together are know as the genitorurinary syndrome of menopause.
Progesterone is another hormone that is prescribed. It is used in conjunction with estrogen to protect the endometrial lining. It also helps with sleep, anxiety, and mood symptoms.
Hormone therapy isn't the only option, and there are many nonhormonal treatments available. Many treatment options exist for perimenopausal and menopausal symptoms, but there isn't a "one size fits all" solution. Treatment plans should be individualized and patients should engage in shared decision-making with a knowledgeable clinician.
What Is Menopause Hormone Therapy?
